Inkastoo xeerarka khamriga ee Bordeaux ay u muuqan karaan inay yihiin shabakad cabsigelin ah oo xadidan oo xadidan iyo dib u habeyn joogto ah, midna uma baahna inay ahaato khabiir ku takhasusay AOC si uu u ogaado oo uu ku raaxaysto khamriga gobolka ee la dabaaldegay. In kasta oo aad wax badan ka ogtahay sida siriyeyaasha loo kala soocayo fursadaha helitaanka khamri ee ku haboon qaabka gaarka ah iyo doorbidinta dhirta, oo ay weheliso shuruudaha miisaaniyada shakhsi ahaaneed.
Xeerarka Bordeaux Wine
Guud ahaan, xeerarka khamriga ee gobolka Bordeaux ayaa xayeysiinaya noocyada canabka ah ee laga yaabo inay koraan meesha iyo sida (ma jiro waraabin, dhammaan walxaha AOC waa qalalan beeraha) iyo heerka khamriga ee khamriga laga dhigi karo (14% waa maxadka). Haddii qofku uusan rabin inuu u ciyaaro xeerarka khamriga ee loo qoondeeyey, kuma faraxsanaan karaan dhammaan lacagta iyo mudnaanta ee la socota calaamadaha AOC waana in loo laabo heerka fudud ee "miiska miiska."
Chardonnay , tusaale ahaan, inta la ogyahay, koray oo loo sharxay Burgundy looma oggola gobollada AOC ee Bordeaux. Haddii qof uu leeyahay dareen gaar ah ee canabka Chardonnay iyo rabitaankiisa in uu tijaabiyo Bordeaux, dhammaan macnaheedu waa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxay u qalantaa kaliya "miiska miiska" mawduucyada calaamadda, iyada oo aan loo eegin tayada, joogteynta, ama tilmaamayaasha kale. Haddii ay tahay wax lagu farxo, Faransiiska ayaa sidoo kale dhaqan-geliya xeerarka AOC ee barandhada, subaga, iyo jiiska, sidaas darteed ma aha oo kaliya khamriga in uu ku dhaco adkaanshaha adag ee kala-soocidda adag.
Qeybaha Bordeaux Wine Classifications: Canab iyo Goob
Khamriga Bordeaux lama calaamadiyo oo lagu iibiyo by varietal laakiin by terroir. Bordelais oo ogaanaya meesha canabku ka koray ayaa ka muhiimsan marka la ogaado waxa canabku koray. Kiiska, shuruudaha "bangiga bidix" iyo "bangiga saxda ah" ayaa si xor ah loo isticmaalay si loo tixgeliyo dhinaca wabiga, Gironde, iyo xuduudaheeda Garonne iyo Dordogne, canabku waa koray.
Iyada oo Merlot ay tahay midhaha ugu ballaaran ee caleemaha laga soo saaro Bordeaux, oo ay ku xigto Cabernet Sauvignon oo la wareegtay Cabernet Franc, tuulooyinka canabka ah ee ku yaala bangiga midig ayaa taariikh ahaan samaystay qamiisyo badan oo la mid ah Merlot. Xawaaladaha bangiga midig ayaa ka hela taageero badan oo ka yimid Cab Franc, iyadoo qaar ka mid ah Cabernet Sauvignon ay sidoo kale ka dhigan tahay isku-dhafanaanta. Sheekada ku taal bangiga bidix wuxuu ciyaaraa jihada ka soo horjeeda. Bordeaux wines ayaa ka soo kordhay bangiga bidix ee udhaxeeya xiddiga Cabernet Sauvignon oo ku jira line-upka kala ah Merlot iyo Cab Franc oo wareega labaad ku jira.
Inkastoo ay noqon laheyd mid sahlan oo sahlan in la buuxiyo bangiga saxda ah ee "Merlot" iyo bangiga bidix "Cab," Bordeaux marwalba waa isku dhafan oo ka dhadhan fiican marka laga reebo bangiyada. Si loo daro cabsigelinta cabsida, Baaskiilada Bordeaux waxay ku xiran tahay nidaam dejinta qallafsan. Asal ahaan waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu ciribtiro Bordeaux ugu wanaagsan ee loogu talagalay bandhigga 1855 ee Paris, Napoleon III waydiistay kuwa brokers in ay soo qaataan khamrihii sare ee Medoc si ay u muujiyaan bandhigga. Tani waxay ku saleysneyd tayada iyo qiimaha laga soo qaato 61 shaatiinka (60 ka Medoc, iyo Chateau Haut-Brion oo ka yimid Graves) iyo maanta fasalka ayaa weli taagan, laakiin shirkad ka mid ah nidaamyada kala duwan ee gobollada.
Raadinta Nidaamka Isku Beddelista Bordeaux
Bordeaux sharafkii khamriga ee la yaabka leh ayaa ka soo jeeda qoondaynta 1855 waxaana uu horay u sii watay in uu ku raaxaysto maalin casri ah kadib markii lagu saleeyay farsamooyinka winemaking ee isbedelay waqtiyada iyo terroir oo istaagay imtixaanka waqtiga. Bordeaux waxaa lagu dhisay magacyada caanka ah ee Margaux, Latour, Lafite-Rothschild, Haut-Brion, iyo Mouton-Rothschild, kuwan soo koraya oo aad u sarreeya, oo la yiraahdo Kobcinta Halista ah ee loo yaqaan "First Growths" profile ka dib tobanaan sano. Hase yeeshee, kobcadan kowaad waxay u taagan yihiin jajab yar oo khamriga soo saaray oo ku riyaaqay Bordeaux. Inkastoo hormarinta First Prestigious ee iibka ah ee $ 1000 + midkiiba, inta badan Bordeaux's bixiyeyaasha khamriga ayaa iibiya si aad u yar, $ 10-30 tiirarka, leh fursado la heli karo oo la heli karo adduunka oo dhan.
Bakhaaradan yar ee Bordeaux waxaa badanaa loo yaqaan "chateau petit."
Qeybta 1855
Muuqaalkan tilmaameedka ayaa muujinaya 61 darajo sare oo ku yaal gobolka Medoc (bidada bidix) ee Bordeaux waxaana loo yaqaan 'Grand Cru Classé'. Qeybinta 1855 wuxuu ku bilaabmayaa kobcinta kowaad, oo lagu calaamadiyay "Premier Cru," waxayna u taagan tahay kicinta deel crème ee khudaarta casaan ee Faransiiska. Shanta shantaas oo ka kooban Premier Cru, ayaa weli ah qadarin sida soo saarayaasha ugu fiican ee ugu fiican Bordeaux, sida lagu qeexay 1855 bandhig sawirada Universal Paris. Waxaa jira shan Kobcineed oo Hore ah oo ay ku jiraan guryaha Chateau Margaux, Chateau Latour, Chateau Lafite-Rothschild, Chateau Haut-Brion iyo dhawaanahan (1973) Chateau Mouton-Rothschild.
Qeybta Medoction ee 1855 ayaa waxaa ku jira qiimeynta shanta sano ee ugu horreysa (Premier Cru), 14ka xaafadood ee ugu wanaagsan ee lagu magacaabo "Deuxiemes Crus", oo ay ku xigto Koritaanka Saddexaad (Troisiemes Crus) oo leh 14 xawaare oo kale, Afar Kobcinnimo (Quatriemes Crus) oo martigelinaysa 10 qadar iyo ugu dambeyntii Kobcinta Fifth (Cinquemes Crus) oo leh 18 degmo oo gooyay. Medoc AOCs of Pauillac, Margaux, Pessac-Leognan, St. Julien, St. Estephe iyo Haut-Medoc dhammaantood waxay matalaan qurxinta Grand Cru Classe.
Qeybinta Heerka
Nidaamka kala soocista khamriga waxaa la bilaabay 1953, oo dib loo eegay 1959, iyo waxyaalihii lafuray 16 xayawaan ah oo loogu talagalay casriga casriga ah iyo qamriga cad cad.
Qeybaha Saint-Emilion
Saadaasha Saint-Emilion wuxuu daboolayaa laba qaybood oo AOC ah, mid ka mid ah Saint-Emilion iyo kan kale ee Saint-Emilion Grand Cru (oo loo kala qaybiyay Xarunta Grand Cru Clase iyo Premier Grand Cru Classe). Qeybahaasi waxay bilaabmeen 1950-meeyadii, waxaana lagu soo celiyay 10-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay.
Qeybinta Cru Bourgeois
Inkasta oo nidaamyada kala soocista khamriga Bordeaux lagu heli karo jajab qurxoon marka hore, waxay bilaabaan in ay xoojiyaan qaar ka mid ah ciriiriga ah ee sanadka leh Qeybta Cru Bourgeois Classification, hal qoondheer.
Qeybtaani waxay soo saartay qaar badan oo ka mid ah Baanka Left-ka ee aan ka dhigin midka 1855 Qeybta Grand Cru Classés, oo muujinaya guryaha oo leh rikoor adag oo wax soo saar tayo leh.
Arjiyada gaarka ah ee Bordeaux
Kuwani waa kuwo loo qoondeeyay Bordeaux oo ka soo jeeda qaylo gaar ah. Ku qor calaamadda, waxaad arki doontaa jaangooyooyinka si fudud loogu magacaabo "Medoc," "Cotes de Blaye" ama "Fronsac." Xidhanahan ayaa caadi ahaan ah baas fiican oo loogu talagalay adag, qiime-gaareen Bordeaux.
Wines oo loo yaqaan "Bordeaux" iyo "Bordeaux Supérieur"
Bordeaux iyo Bordeaux Supérieur waa maadooyinka caanka ah ee Bordeaux waxayna ka samaysan yihiin qiyaastii 50% oo khamri ah oo ka soo jeeda gobolka. Xaydhaanahan ayaa laga yaabaa inay canab ku leeyihiin dhammaan gobollada oo badiyaa waxay ku iibiyaan qiimaha qiimaha khamriga, iyada oo Bordeaux Supérieur qiimihiisu uu ka sarreeyaa dhammaadka sare sababtoo ah canab oo ka soo jeeda geedo waawayn, baaluqaad badan. Tilmaame-yaashu waxay si fudud u akhrin doontaa, "Appelation Bordeaux Controlee." Waxaa laga yaabaa in tusaale ahaan ugu caansan yahay Mouton Cadet, oo ah iibsasho aad u badan oo Bordeaux ah oo sida caadiga ah lagu iibiyo qiyaastii $ 8 dhalo.
Degmada Pomerol
Sida neefta hawo nadiif ah, degmada Bordeaux ee Pomerol ayaa ka fogaatay hannaanka qallafsan ee adag. Waraaqaha khadka ayaa si fudud u tilmaamaya "Appellation Pomerol Controlée." Merlot waxay u adeegtaa inay tahay midka caleenta caleenta ah ee gobolka, soo saarida miraayadaha leh fareeshka cagaaran, midho hore oo badan, diyaarna u ahaato inay ku raaxeystaan horraantii walaalahooda Cab. Pomerol waa Bordeaux gobolka ugu yar ee khamriga sii kordhaya, iyada oo wax soo saarka wax ka badan 5 milyan oo dhalo ah. Dadka ugu caansan ee Pomerol waa Chateau Petrus, oo ah dabaaldega mid ka mid ah midka Bordeaux ee ugu kharashka badan.
Khadka Meelaha ee Bordeaux Wine Classifications
Inkastoo la socoshada nidaamka qeeybta khamriga ee Bordeaux maaha qalbi qalafsan, in la helo faham asaasi ah oo ku saabsan sida Bordelais uga foogsanayo qamriga qashinka isaga u gaar ah waxay gacan ka geysan kartaa in la sameeyo qaar ka mid ah xaddiga iibsashada iyo dabeecada laga filayo iibsiga. Maskaxda ku hay in Kobaca Heerka ah uu ka dhigan yahay 3% ee Bordeaux suuqyadiisa khamriga, oo saameynaya sawirka Bordeaux ee siyaabo badan, laakiin ma aha qasab ah in matalaad dhab ah oo dhadhan fiican leh, miiska caadiga ah ee Bordeaux wines in Bordelais qudhooda ay maalin kasta cabbaan. Qeybaha khamriga ayaa ah hal xabbadood oo ka mid ah xujada, ma aha xilkoodu muhiim u yahay ogaanshaha iyo ku raaxaysiga khamriga Bordeaux .