White Burgundy, Red Burgundy iyo Cremant - Waa All About Place
Khamriga Burgundi waxaa asal ahaan lagu dhisaa labo canab, Chardonnay iyo Pinot Noir, oo leh beero canab ah oo kaalin muhiim ah ka qaata dabeecadda ugu weyn ee khamriga iyo muujinta. Goobta khamriga ee aadka loo qiimeeyo ee Burgundy ("Bourgogne" oo Faransiis ah iyo warqado dhalo, ayaa lagu sheegay " Bor-gun-yuh ") ayaa soo dhaweeyay oenophiles for qarniyo. Burgundy oo ku taal bartamaha bartamaha waqooyiga ee Faransiiska, Burgundy wuxuu kudhaafaa qiyaas ahaan 100 mayl koron (meel u dhow magaalada Dijon) ilaa hoose (waqooyiga Lyon), taas oo soo saartey 193 milyan oo dhalo sanadkiiba laga bilaabo 68,000 oo hektar geedka canabka ah ee degaanka caan ka ah ee gobolka, xayawaanka macdanta ah.
Inkasta oo inta badan aan la saadaalin karin cimilada cimilada, tirada guud ee wax soo saarka guud iyo helitaanka kooban ee adduunka oo idil, Burgundy ayaa sheegaysa in ku dhowaad qarsoodi ah.
Burgundy waa wax walba oo ku saabsan meel. Sida gobollada ugu badan ee khamriga Faransiiska ah , magacgu wuxuu tixgeliyaa mudnaanta calaamada magaciisa. Magacyada jaalliyadaha, wada sheekeysiga iyo xayiraadaha (hudheellada khamriga) waxay ku sifeynayaan calaamad khamriga Bourgogne , wax yar oo aan lahayn calaamad muujinaysa canab muhiim ah oo ku dhex jira gudaha. Iyadoo soo saaraha, liis gareynaya, iyo magacyada xarumaha gobolka ee ku qoran warqadaha dhalada ay ku wareeraan kuwa aan ku hadlin Faransiiska, maskaxda ku hay in Burgundy lagu dhisay laba canab: Chardonnay iyo Pinot Noir .
Wareegtada Burgundy By tirooyinka:
Badeecadaha khamriga ee Burgundy ayaa ku burburtay ilaa 61% oo khamri cad, 30% casaan, iyo 8% Cremant de Bourgogne (qamriga quruxda badan leh ee lagu sameeyay hab la mid ah sida Champagne ). Sharciga Faransiiska AOC wuxuu ku qeexayaa in dhammaan bangiga Blanundy (aka "Bourgogne Blanc") in laga sameeyo canabki Chardonnay iyo sidoo kale dhammaan Burgundy casaan (aka "Bourgogne Rouge") waxaa laga sameeyaa canab Cinjir.
Noocyo canabka ah oo yar yar waxay ku daraan wax yar oo miro ah si ay u raacaan badda Chardonnay (iyagoo sheeganaya 46% ee canabkiinna Burgundy) iyo Pinot Noir (dhagxaan 36% beerashada beertida). Gacmeedyadaan waxaa ka mid ah Aligote (berriga labaad ee lagu beeray buurta Burgundy 6%), Gamay (oo ah caleemo madow oo calaamadeynaysa 11% xayawaanka gobolka) iyo Sauvignon, Pinot Blanc iyo Pinot Beurot oo ka yar 1%.
Gobolka Baastada ee Burgundy:
Inkastoo Burgundi uu si weyn u yareyn karo, gaar ahaan marka la barbardhigo deriskooda si isku mid ah loo dabaaldego, Bordeaux, saameynta gobolka, saameynta, iyo muhimmadda guud ee marxaladda khamriga caalamka waa mid muhiim ah. Burgundy waxaa lagu karkarin karaa shan gobol oo muhiim ah ama gobollada si loo ogaado: Chablis, Côte Chalonnaise, Mâconnais, Côte de Nuits iyo Côte de Beaune. Labadan degmo ee ugu dambeeyay, Côte de Nuits iyo Côte de Beaune, waxaa si wadajir ah loo yaqaan Côte d'Or caan ah, taasoo macnaheedu yahay "dhoobada dahabka" ee caleenta dhirta gobolka, waxayna u taagan tahay degmada khamri ee ugu caansan ee Burgundy. Bakhaarada Burgundy waxay ku haysaa sumcad cajiib ah si ay u siiso cod weyn oo ah degaanka gobolka ee gaarka ah. Dhaqdhaqaaqa, maskaxeed, isku-dhafan, dhulka, oo buuxsamay finesse, Burgundy's wines joogtada ah ayaa joogtaynaya barbaarinta prestigious iyo qaabka qiyamka ah ee classic Chardonnay iyo Pinot Noir dunida.
Chablis : Inta badan caan ku ah dhaqdhaqaaqa firfircoon, macdanta, macdanta laf-dhabarta, Chardonnay, gobolka Burgundy ee ugu badan waqooyiga Chablis waa calaamad khamriga cad, oo lagu beeray geed canab ah Chardonnay on dhismayaasha ciidda hodanka ah. Khamriga qudhooda waxaa badanaa lagu magacaabaa "Chablis" oo ku wareegsan adduunka ama maxaliga ah "Beaunois" ereyga Burgundian ee Chardonnay.
Chablis 'Beereyaha Grand Cru waxay ku kulmaan xayawaanka qorraxda qorraxda ah ee webiga Serein, halka beeraha cru ee Premier Cru ay u arkaan in ay soo uruuraan dhinacyada koonfureed ee dhinaca koonfureedka ah waxayna ku dhex jiraan caan cad, chalky, xayawaanka qolofta Kimmeridgian. Waa in la ogaadaa in shahaadada khamriga ee Chablis ay ka tarjumeyso inta kale ee Burgundy ee ku saabsan Grand Cru, Premier Cru, iyo Village (Chablis) oo lagu soo bandhigay Petit Chablis ku daray isku-qasidda caanaha sida qiimaha sarreeya, khamriga soo galaya.
Côte Chalonnaise : Waxaa loo yaqaanaa cufan , qiimo-khafiifin ah Pinot Noir, awood leh, weli dheellitiran cadaan Burgundy iyo khamri cawaaqib xumada, Cremant de Bourgogne, Côte Chalonnaise socodka saxda ah ee bartamaha Burgundy adoo hareeraha webiga Saone. Raadi magacyada tuulooyinka Mercurey iyo Givry oo ku yaala warqadaha iyo wax soo saarayaasha sida Domaine Jabot, Louis Latour, iyo Fainely.
Mâconnais : Waa wax fiican in la siiyo qaar ka mid ah heshiisyada ugu fiican gobolka Chardonnay, Mâconnais wuxuu ku yaalaa qaybta koonfureed ee Burgundy. Pouilly-Fuissé waa tan ugu caansan ee lagu magacaabo Mâconnais, oo bixiya khamri cad oo leh tufaax iyo miro badan, qaar ka mid ah kulaylaha kulaylaha iyo citrus oo ay la socdaan sunta cusub, firfircooni leh.
Côte de Nuits : Waxay ku taallaa koonfurta magaalada Dijon waxayna magacawday magaalada Nuits-Saint-Georges, Côte de Nuits waxay soo saartaa fasalka adduunka, Pinot Noir oo la yiraahdo in ka badan 20 beerood oo waaweyn Cru Cru. Magaalooyinka beeraha ee waaweyn ee Romanée-Conti, Chambertin, iyo Musigny, oo kaliya si ay u iftiimiyaan dhowr, dhammaantood waxaa laga helaa Côte de Nuits. Dusha sare ee khadka calaamadaynta Pinot Noir waxaa laga helaa halkan, iyada oo khamriga uqalmaayo da 'da' tobanaan sano iyo qiimaha ay ku qaadato afar iyo shan lambar oo loogu talagalay crème de la crème.
Côte de Beaune : Koofurta Côte de Nuits iyo badhkii kale ee Côte d'Or, Côte de Beaune wuxuu ku raaxeeyaa 70/30 qaybood oo casaan ah oo cadaan ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, waxaa caadi ahaan cagaarka cad (mar labaad laga bilaabo Canaaq Chardonnay) oo calaamad u leh jilicsanaanta jilicsan ee jilicsan, iyo dhirta caleenta ah ee dhirta ah ee lagu rido pear bisad iyo dabeecad tufaax ah. Xiddiga ka soo jeeda Côte de Beaune wuxuu bixiyaa tayo tayo leh isaga oo aan haysan miisaaniyad. Indhahaaga ka ilaali khamriga Chassagne-Montrachet, Meursault, Pommard, Volnay, iyo Puligny-Montrachet (dhammaan magacyada tuulada).
Fasallada Waddanka Burgundy:
Marka ay timaaddo dhexgalka dhexeeya heerarka sarreeya ee Burgundian wines, nidaamka isbeddelka gobalka ee gobolka wuxuu bilaabi doonaa inuu ciyaaro door muhiim ah. Dhab ahaantii waxaa jira afar heer oo kala duwan oo ku salaysan calaamadaha lagu dabaqayo dhammaan AOC Burgundy wines: Goobaha Gobollada, Goobjoogaha Guryaha, Dalabaadka Premier Cru Appellations iyo Dalabka Grand Cru.
Goobta, goobta, meesha - waxay ka ciyaaraysaa kaalin muhiim ah oo lagu ogaanayo meesha khamriga ee Burgundy ay ku dhacaan qiyaasta kala soocidda. Ereyga "Climat" (oo lagu magacaabo "Clee-ma") waa ereyga Burgundi oo sheeganaya doorka weyn ee joqraafiyadu ka ciyaaraan goobta khamriga ee Burgundy.
Fimidu waa dhul si fiican u qeexan oo leh dhul aad u cayilan, xargog, iyo xaalado yar-yar oo cimilada. Fimidu waxay noqon kartaa beerta beerta oo dhan ama qayb ka mid ah.
Qiimaha sarreeya, qiimaha sarreeya ee cimilada ama cimilada ayaa ugu sarreeya heerarka kala duwan ee Grand Cru iyo Premier Cru. Xaafadaha tuulada waxay ku yaalaan magacyada tuulada (Beaune, Chablis, Corton, Gevriey-Chambertin) in beertooyinku ku wareegsan yihiin. Maalin kasta oo wanaagsan, marxaladda heerarka galabnimo ee leh geesinimada gobolka "Bourgogne" waxaa laga yaabaa in laga helo beero canab ah meel kasta oo ka mid ah gobolka oo dhan ee Burgundy. Si fudud loo yiraahdo, waa ka wanaagsan yahay beerta canabka ah, ka sii fiican khamriga iyo ka sarreeya heerka darajada (iyo qiimaha).
Xayawaanka Gobollada - Siduu u eg yahay, qiyaasta khamriga ee gobolku waxay sameysmaysaa saldhigga Burgundy ee jaangooyada, taasoo ka dhigan midka ku dhow 50% wiyamka gobolka oo dhan. Waa in la ogaadaa in meel udhaxeysa wines iyo wines tuulada, waxaa jira nooc ka mid ah "qabashada-dhan" darajada degmada taas oo ka badan oo lagu qeexay gobolka Bordeeli, laakiin aan dhammaan laga helay tuulo hal. Dhab ahaantii, markii dhowr degmo oo waaweyn oo gobolka ka mid ahi ay isku xiran yihiin sababtoo ah tayada la midka ah ayaa loo magacaabi karaa sida. Côte de Beaune-Villages waa hal tusaale, taasoo muujinaysa in khamriga laga sameeyey canab ka yimid mid ama wax ka badan tuulooyinka gobolka Côte de Beaune.
Gacan-qabashada Beeraha - Miisaanka ku habboon ku dhawaad 38% ee badeecadaha khamriga ee Burgundy, kuwan maadooyinkaas waxay leeyihiin magacyo gaar ah oo tuulo ama magaalo ah oo ku yaalla calaamadaha (ie Pommard, Meursault, Mercury, Pouilly-Fuisse), oo muujinaysa in canabku ku koray tuulada beerta gaarka ah goobta oo aan ka kordhay dhammaan Burgundy. Pommard waa magac tuulo oo laga yaabo in aad ku aragto calaamad dhalaal ah, oo la xiriirta in dhammaan canabku ay ka soo baxeen tuulada Pommard ee gobolka Burgundian ee Côte de Beaune.
Premier Cru - Dhiirigelinta jaranjaraynta heerarka sare ee bangiyada Waddanka Burgundy leh 10% ee wax soo saarka ayaa ah naqshadeynta jilitaanka Premier Cru. Macnaha "kobcinta kowaad," Premier Cru waxaa loola jeedaa khamriga lagu koray ee yaryar, AOC qeexay iyo beero canab ah oo si fiican loo yaqaan 'toothlight terroir' (lagu magacaabo "Climat" ee Burgundy). Calaamaduhu waxay badanaa ku qaadaan sherentka "1er Cru" oo loo soo gaabiyo Premier Cru. Xijaabooyinkani waa kuwo qumman marka la gaaro wakhtiga lagu qurxiyo, waxay sida caadiga ah ka bilaabaan $ 60 kala duwan ee ugu hooseeya waxayna si fiican u shaqeeyaan barta qiimaha $ 100 + si dhakhso ah.
Grand Cru - Wajiga ugu sarreeya 1% ee badeecadaha ugu wanaagsan ee Burgundy, iyada oo keliya in ka badan 30 beeraley ah oo ku yaal Grand Cru oo ku yaal Côte d'Or, ayaa Grand Cru wines ku amraya dareenka caalamiga ah. Grand Cru ka yimid Burgundy waa shaki la'aan Domaine de la Romanée-Conti kuwaas oo si fudud u weydiin kara $ 5,000- $ 12,000 halkii dhalo ee goobaha xaraashka.
Baasaboorka Burgundy:
Iyadoo caddaynta canabkiinna beerta Celts ka hor 200 BC iyo askartii Roomaanka ay sii kordhaysay canabkiina qarnigii ugu horreeyay, Burgundy waxaa loo aqoonsaday horaantii sidii hore loo iibsaday canab koraya. Hase yeeshee, sida qaar badan oo ka mid ah gobollada khamriga ee Yurub, waxay ahayd munaasabadaha Dhexdhexaadinta ah ee uqalmaamaya heerka koowaad ee loogu talagalay beerista beero canab ah ee gobolka illaa qarniyadii dhexe. Tijaabinta canab iyo dhulalka dhulka, oo si dhakhso ah u aqoonsanaya saameynta saamaynta bundada, oo ay la socoto awoodda awoodda leh ee terroir goboleed, Benediktiniin iyo Cistercian rashiid ayaa u adeegay si loo aqoonsado oo loo qeexo meelaha ugu badan ee beerta beertiisa ah ee gobolka. Beerayadan qiimaha leh ee loo yaqaan 'Predigious vineyards' ayaa loo qoondeeyay inay noqdaan qaar ka mid ah hantida dhul-beereedka ee ugu sarreeya adduunka. Inkasta oo ay ixtiraamayso farsamooyinka dhaqanka iyo caadooyinka, dadaalada wadajirka ah ee Benediktiniin iyo Cistercian ayaa soo dhigay wax badan oo ka mid ah shaqada aasaasiga ah ee Burgundy ee khamriga casriga ah.
Waxay ahayd ilaa iyo inta laga gaadhay kacaanka Faransiiska in lahaanshaha beeraha Beerta ee Burgundy laga soo wareejiyo kaniisadda iyo goobaha aristarka ee shakhsiyaadka ku jira qaybaha kala duwan ee dhulka. Beerta canabka ah ee gobolka ayaa sii kala jajabtay markii Napolean la jarjaray oo la beeray beertii canabka ahaa isaga oo abuuray in dhammaan dhul dhaxalka laga dhaxlay ay tahay in si siman loo qaybiyo dhaxalsiinta. Ilaa maanta ma aha wax aan caadi ahayn in la helo beerta beeraleyda ah ee 120 -ka leh 80-ka beeralayda, iyada oo waxoogaa yar oo ah geedo canab ah oo ka hooseysa lahaanshaha hal-koror. Nidaamka kala-shaandhayntu waxa uu ka dhigay doorka neygociant (guri wadaago oo iibiya qamriga gobolka sida caadiga ah ee foosto si loogu daro khamri kale oo ka socda isla gobolka ama jeelka) aad muhiim u ah.
Iibsashada bangiga Waddanka Burgundy
Xasuuso inaadan ka heli doonin "Chardonnay" oo ku taal calaamada balaastiig ee Burgundy, sidaa darteed waxaad raadineysaa gobollo gaar ah oo Chardonnay, tuulo, ama guryaha (aka "domains") magacyada dhalada. Chablis, Pouilly-Fuisse, Montrachet, Macon-Villages, iyo Meursault waa lafaha ugu sarreeya ee khamriga caddaan ah ee laga helo berriga beeraha ee Burgundy. Tusaale ahaan, magaca dadka tuulada ee Aloxe-Corton, Nuits-Saint-Georges, Pommard, Vougeot, Mercury, Vosne-Romanee, ku dheji calaamad dhalaal si aad u tilmaamto jihada saxda ah Pinot Noir. Goobaha gobalka oo dhan oo ku yaalla "Bourgogne" oo ku calaamadeysan calaamadda ayaa ah midka ugu fudud ee boorsada, xiga waa xayndaabyada tuulada kuwaas oo u muuqda inay kordhinayaan tayada iyo dabeecada wax yar oo kaash ah. Saldhigyada Cru iyo Grand Cru oo ka soo jeeda goobo beereed oo beereed gaar ah oo loo yaqaano tayada (iyo wax soo saarka xadidan) way waydiisan karaan macaamiisha marka la eego lacagta caddaanka ah laakiin waxay ballan u tahay in ay dhalinyaradu ku farxaan.
Qiimaha ugu Fiican Burgundy Producers si ay u tijaabiyaan: Bouchard Aine & Fils, Domaine Christian Moreau Pere & Fils, Domaine Faiveley, JJ Vincent, Joseph Drouhin, Louis Jadot, Louis Latour, Olivier Leflaive