Dhaqanka Jaalle Jarmalka iyo Diyaargarowga

Shaaha waxay u dhowdahay sida qaxwaha ee Jarmalka iyo in badan oo ritualized marka loo eego Maraykanka. Ku xiridda bacda shaaha ee koob biyo leh ma noqon doonto mid ku filan dadka cabba shaaha badan ee Jarmalka. Taa bedelkeeda, shaaha dabacsan, "Tee Laden," "Kluntjes" iyo muraayadaha shaaha halkii aad ka heli lahayd koobabka shaaha. Halkan waxaa ku yaal waxyaabo yar oo aad ka fekereyso marka aad soo qaadatay shaaha jarmalka dhabta ah.

• 01 of 07

  Tea History ee Jarmalka

  Shaaha waxaa lagu wada baabbi'iyey Jarmalka sanadkiiba 1.5 rodolkiiba miisaanka qallalan (700 garaam) oo leh Bariga Frisia, oo ah waqooyiga xeebta waqooyiga oo kordhisa celceliska qiyaas ahaan 5.5 rodol sanadkii (2.5 kg). Awstaria iyo Switzerland, waxay isticmaalaan 2/3 pound (300 garaam) ilaa 1 rodol sannadkii (400 garaam).

  Shaaha ayaa u yimid Jarmalka iyada oo loo marayo Bariga Frisia iyada oo loo marayo Holland. Maraakiibta bari ee Frisian ayaa qandaraas la galay shirkadda Dutch East India waxayna keentay shaaha koowaad ee ciidda Jarmalka ku dhowaad 1610 AD. Markii ugu horreysay, waxa loo isticmaalay daawo, laakiin muddo sannado ah, waxay noqotay hal cabitaan oo ka mid ah barafka bariiska, iyadoo hoos u dhigtay hoos u dhaca isticmaalka beerta. Inkastoo shaaha la soo dhoofiyay, haddana way ka qaalisan tahay beerka gudaha laga soo saaro, taas oo ka welwelsan Boqortooyada Prussian.

  Prussians waxay arkeen in ay soo ifbaxeen ganacsiga Holland ayna isku dayeen inay ku dhiirrigeliyaan muwaadiniinta in ay joojiyaan cabitaanka shaah iyaga oo samaynaya siyaasad ka dhan ah 1778 AD. Tani waxay keentay tahriibinta, cabitaanka qarsoodiga ah, iyo diidmada madaniga ah. Laba sano ka dib, mamnuucistii ayaa la joojiyay.

  Shaaha markale wuxuu ahaa mawduuc kulul intii lagu jiray dagaalkii labaad ee aduunka. Waxay u muuqatay mid raaxo leh, kaliya 10 garaam (1/2 wiqiyadood) ayaa loo oggolaaday qofkiiba bil kasta. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaybta 'Ostfriesischen Teetrinkerbezirk', ama 'East Frisian' ee qaybta cabitaanka shaaha ee dalka, ayaa loo qaybiyey 'Teekarten' oo dheeraad ah, oo u oggolaanaya raashin dheeraad ah oo shaah ah.

  Shaahadan dheeriga ahi wali kuma filneyn, sidaas darteed muwaadiniinta waxay ku soo dhaweeyeen "Teetabletten" oo laga sameeyey dhadhanka iyo sonkorta, iyo geedo kale oo lagu beddelay beddelaad shaah. Shaaha ayaa yaraaday wakhti yar ka dib dagaalkii iyo Bariga reer galbeedku badiyay subagkooda shaah iyaga oo ku nool degaanka Ruhr ee Jarmalka. Sanadkii 1953, "Teesteuer," canshuurta shaah, ayaa si weyn loo yareeyey, Bariga Jarmalka ayaana ugu dambeyntii awoodi karay "Köppke Tee" (koob shaah) waqti kasta oo ay jecel yihiin.

• 02 ka mid ah 07

  Shaaha East Friesian

  Bariga Frisia, shaaha ayaa cabaya laba illaa afar jeer maalintii. Marka laga reebo quraacda iyo cashada, hal saac oo subax ah oo shaah ah ayaa la bilaabaa qiyaastii 11 subaxnimo iyo mid kale saacadda 3 pm Saddex koob oo shaah ah halkii fadhiiba waxay u arkaan in ay ku filnaato, Bariga Frisia waxay yiraahdaan "dree waa ostfreesenrecht," ama saddex waa xuquuqdooda .

  Shaaha waxaa sidoo kale la siiyaa qof kasta oo martida ah markuu galo guriga, ha ahaado dhowr daqiiqo ama dhawr maalmood.

  Iskoolka East Frisia waa sida caadiga ah Assam iyo shaaha Ceylon ka baxo isku dhafan laba ilaa saddex ama hal ilaa seddex saamiba. Xayawaankani wuxuu galay shaah adag oo mugdi ah oo leh caraf udgoon. Waxaa badanaa la macaanaa nooc ka mid ah sonkorta candhuufta oo la yiraahdo "Kluntjes" (loona yaqaan kloont-yahs) iyo xoogaa kareem.

• 03 of 07

  Shaaha Cunto - Shahaadada Barafka Barafka ee Bariga

  Samaynta shaaha habka barafka ee Bariga Fudud waa dhib badan laakiin ma adkaan. "Teetied" (wakhtiga shaaha) ayaa la diyaariyaa adigoo gelinaya shaah yar oo shaaha ah oo loo yaqaan 'shaaha' oo hal miridh kasta iyo hal dheriga ugu hooseeya ee qadhaadh horay loo diiray. Biyaha dabka ka baxa ayaa ku shubay caleemaha shaaha si loo daboolo. Tan waxaa loo oggol yahay in ay socoto seddex daqiiqo, ka dibna dheriga waxaa ka buuxsama biyo kulul oo shaaha ayaa la siiyaa.

  Koobka ama shaaha koob kasta, "Kluntjes" ayaa la dhigayaa, shaaha kululna wuxuu ku shubaa caleenta yar yar ee sonkorta "Kluntjes," buuxinta nuska. Badanaa, keega gaarka ah ee kareemka, oo loo yaqaan "Rohmlepel," ayaa loo isticmaalaa si taxadar leh ku darso kareem yar oo ka mid ah koobka si markaas daruur cad oo dhexda ku jira shaaha madow la arko. Caadi ahaan, shaaha waa la sakhraamayaa iyada oo aan walaaqin oo cabitaanku ku yimaado marka hore la xiriirka shaaha qadhaadh ah, ka dibna dhadhanka caadiga ah ee dhinaca dhexe iyo waxoogaa macaan ah dhamaadka. Tani waxay dhici kartaa marka sonkortu ay aad u qaali tahay, si ay u dhaafto dhowr koob oo shaah ah, waxaa lagama maarmaan ahayd inaanan walaaqin koobka.

  Marti ahaan, waxaa loo tixgeliyaa in aan loo baahnayn in la cabbo wax ka yar seddex koob oo shaah ah oo fadhiya. Koobkaaga ayaa ku soo dhajin doona dabacaha ama qaadadaada koobka calaamadaha ah ee aad dhamaysay oo aadan rabin shaah dheeraad ah.

  Qeybo xiiso leh oo ah fanaaniin ayaa sheegaya in shaaha oo la dhajiyay seddex daqiiqo ay ku dhiirigelineyso, halka shaaha isku midka ah ee shan daqiiqo dhererkoodu uu kaa caawin doono hurdo.

• 04 of 07

  Kluntjes - Kandis - Sugar Shaahaaga

  "Kluntjes" waa nooc ka mid ah nacnac weyn oo dhagax ah oo ka soo baxa xalka sonkorta leh. Sidoo kale loo yaqaan "Kandis," waxay hadda industrially soo saaraan oo laga helaa inta badan, dukaamada Jarmalka. Inta badan "Kluntjes" waa mid buluug leh, midab cad, laakiin waxaa caan ku ah inuu adeegsado brown "Kluntjes", oo laga sameeyay sonkorta karamelized . "Kluntjes" crackle marka shaaha kulul ku shubay iyaga, taas oo ka qayb qaadata waayo-aragnimada dareenka ee cabitaanka shaaha ee Bariga Frisian.

• 05 ka mid ah 07

  Teegeschirr iyo Teeglayer - Waxyaabaha Shaaha

  Qarnigii 17aad, porsel wuxuu soo marey shirkadda Dutch East Indian Company ee Yurub. Qarnigii 18aad, shirkadaha jarmalka ayaa ogaaday sida loo sameeyo sheyga isku mid ah. Bariga reer galbeedku waxay doorbidaan "Dresmer Teegood" (shaaha dresdner) ee ka soo baxa shirkadda "Wallendorfer Porzellan".

  Laba sirood oo kala duwan ayaa aad loo jecel yahay, midab buluug ah ("Blau Dresmer") iyo caanaha casaanka ah, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'rose') ("Rood Dresmer"). Qalab fiican ayaa ka koobnaa kareemka kareemka, kareemka (Treckpott), iyo koobabka ("Koppen", "Kopkes"). Qalabka hore uma jirin baqshiish ama wax lagu xareeyo koobabka. Koobabka waa dhuunta, si dhaqso ah u shaaha shaaha.

  Dib u hagaajinta dambe waxay ka koobnayd shaaha gaar ah, qaadooyinka kareemka iyo sonkorta sonkorta si loogu dhaqaajiyo "Kluntjes" ama "Kandis."

  Barxadda barafka ee Bariga Friesland, saxan kale oo caadi ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa, "Teeglas" ama muraayad shaah. Ka soo dhoofinta bari (Ruushka, Turkiga), waa muraayad cad oo ku jirta biraha ama dambiilaha si loo ilaaliyo faraha. Qalabka kuleylka ah ee lagu ilaaliyo shaaha iyo kaafiga kuleylku sidoo kale waa mid caan ah.

• 06 ka mid ah 07

  Stoevchen

  "Stövchen" macnaheedu waa "buunshaha yaryar." Waxay la mid yihiin inay dib u soo celiyaan oo ay u darsadaan suxuunta, laakiin si gaar ah ayaa loogu talagalay inay qabato dawo ama xashiish. Waxay badanaaba kululeeyaan nalalka shaaha (shumac yar, shumac hoose). Waxaa laga sameeyaa dhoobo, foorno, biro ama dhalo.

  Qaar badan oo ka mid ah Bariga reer galbeedka ayaa dareensan in munaasabada shaaha aysan dhamaystirneyn iyada oo aan "Stövchen" aheyn si ay diirimaad u diiriso.

  Marka laga soo tago karraaniga yar, kaas oo ka yimaada ereyga hoose ee Jarmalka ee meel bannaan oo kulaylka lagu kariyo, daawooyinka qaarkood ayaa lagu diiriyaa "Teewärmer" ama "Mütze" oo ah caag dhar ah kaas oo ku habboon qoyaanka oo qalloocinaya.

• 07 ka mid ah 07

  Nets iyo Eggs for Chaaha

  Sababtoo ah Jarmalku waxay jecel yihiin shaaha dabacsan, waxaa jira qalab aad u wanaagsan oo loo sameeyay si ay shaaha uga soo baxaan koobabka. Inkasta oo tartiib tartiib loo isticmaalo munaasabada shaaha ee kor ku xusan, filtarrada la tuuro iyo mashiinka dharka ayaa ah kuwo aad u caan ah, oo aad u caansan oo ka badan kubadaha shaaha ee aad ku aragto Maraykanka.