Qeexitaanka iyo Taariikhda Cocktail
Qeexidda rasmiga ah ee "cocktail" sida waafaqsan Heshiiska Cusub ee Heshiiska Cusub ee "Heshiiska Cusub ee Heshiiska Cusub" waa "cabitaan khamri ah ama khamriga dabeecad leh lagu qaso maaddooyinka dhadhanka." Taasi waa qeexitaan qurxan ballaadhan, laakiin waxay ka tarjuntaa habdhaqanka casriga ah ee ku saabsan qiyaastii cabitaan kasta oo isku dhafan sida hudheello.
Qodobka ugu horreeya ee lagu daabacay Cocktail wuxuu ka muuqday jawaab tifaftiran oo ku taala Balance and Columbian Repository of 1806.
Tani waxay akhrineysaa: "Cocktail waa khamri dardar leh, oo ka kooban mugdi nooc kasta, sonkorta, biyaha, iyo shimbiraha ." Waa tan tilmaanta ah ee maaddooyinka aan sii wadno isticmaalka marka la tixraacayo 'cocktail' ideal '.
Goorma ayuu ahaa Cocktail?
Dadku waxay cabbeen cabitaanno qarniyo badan, laakiinse waxay ahaayeen ilaa qarniyadii 17aad iyo 18aad in horey loogu soo bandhigay cocktail ( Diidmada , Fizzes , Toddobyada , iyo Juleps ) ay noqdeen kuwa caan ah oo lagu duubo buugaagta taariikhda. Ma cadda meesha, cidda, iyo waxa soo galay abuuritaanka cocktail asalka ah, laakiin waxay u muuqataa in ay tahay cabbitaan gaar ah halkii ay ka koobnayd cabitaanka isku dhafan wakhtigaas.
Tixraacidda ugu horeysay ee la daabacay ee cocktail ayaa ka muuqda Golaha Shacabka (Amherst, New Hampshire, April 28, 1803). Tifaftiraha sawirada wuxuu ku sheegayaa "qolleyda", oo leh, 11 subaxnimo, "... Qabo galaas kakooban - u fiican madaxa ..." Imbibe! , David Wondrich wuxuu uqalmaa suugaanta coktail ee ugu caansan ee daabacan Captain JE
Alexander in 1831 oo ku baaqaya caan , gin ama rum oo isku dhafan "... saddex daloolow laba jibbaar biyo ah, ku dar shimbiraha, oo lagu kobciyo sonkorta iyo canuga ..."
Halkee Ayaa Magaca "Cocktail" Hore?
Waxaa jira sheekooyin badan oo ka danbeeya asal ahaan magaca cocktail, maaddaama ay ka dambeyso abuurista Margarita ugu horeysay ama Martini .
Sida had iyo jeer, qaar ayaa ah kuwo kor u qaada, kuwa qaar rumaysta, oo yaqaana, qofna wuxuu noqon karaa runta. Wax yar ka yar, sheekooyinka waa mid xiiso leh.
- Sheeko caan ah oo ka dambeysa magaca cocktail waxa loola jeedaa daboolka cirridka (ama daboolka ) oo loo isticmaalo sida Colonial cabin khamriga. Ma jiraan tixraacyo rasmi ah oo ku saabsan cuntada sida caadiga ah loo qoro.
- Sheekada ku jirta The Spy (James Fenimore Cooper, 1821) dabeecadda "Betty Flanagan" waxa ay abuurtay cocktail intii lagu jiray Kacaanka. "Betty" waxaa laga yaabaa in loo soo gudbiyo naas-nafta nolosha dhabta ah ee afar geesoodka waqooyiga ee New York City by magaca Catherine "Kitty" Hustler. Betty waxay soo qaadatay waji kale oo aan khayaali ahayn, oo ah Betsy Flanagan. Betsy maaha haweeney dhab ah, laakiin sheekadu waxay sheegtey in ay ahayd goolhaye dabiici ah oo u adeegay askar Faransiis ah oo cabitaan ah 1779 oo la isku qurxiyo buco dabaylo ah oo ka soo jeeda deriskeeda. Waxaan u qaadan karnaa Kitty inuu Betty iyo Betty u waxyoonay Betsy, laakiin haddii mid ka mid ah saddexda mas'uul ka ah cocktail waa qarsoodi.
- Aragtida cirridka ayaa sidoo kale lagu sheegay in ay saameyn ku yeesheen midabada maaddooyinka isku dhafan, taas oo u egtahay midabka midabada badhida. Tani waxay noqon kartaa sheeko wanaagsan oo maanta ah oo la bixiyay maaddooyin badan oo kala duwan, laakiin wakhtigaa wakhtigaas ayaa muuqaal ahaan lagu dhajiyay.
- Qoraalka Britishka, Bartender , ayaa daabacday sheeko 1936 oo ka mid ah badmaaxayaal Ingiriis ah, tobaneeyo sano ka hor, oo lagu cabo khamriga isku dhafan ee Mexico. Cabitaanada ayaa la kiciyey Cola de Gallo (badhidii cock), oo ah xidid dheer oo qaab la mid ah shimbirta.
- Sheeko kale oo Koktariil ah waxaa loola jeedaa haraaga qashinka ah ee loo yaqaan 'ale', oo loo yaqaan ' tailings cock' . Qodobka xayawaanka ah ee ka imanaya jinniyada kala duwan ayaa isku dhafan oo lagu iibin karaa qiimo jaban oo qiimo leh (oo macquul ah) oo la fahmi karo.
- Hase yeeshee, asal kale oo aan ciriiri ahayn ayaa ka hadlaya dhar alaab ah , mashiinka ale la isku qasan yahay wax kasta oo diyaar u ah in la quudiyo si uu ula dagaallamo boogaha.
- Cocktail waxaa laga yaabaa in laga soo qaatay ereyga Faransiiska ah ee loogu talagalay ukunta koobka, coagelis . Mid ka mid ah sheekadani waxay keentay in Maraykanku uu ku hadlo Antoine Amedie Peychaud oo ka tirsan New Orleans oo isku dhejiyay qashinka Peychaud ee caloosha caloosheeda. Ma aha dhammaan dadka macaamiisha ah ee Peychaud inay ereyga u sheegaan oo ay noqoto tan cocktail. Sheekadani kuma koobna, si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah taariikhda isku dhaca.
- Ereyga Cocktail wuxuu noqon karaa kala-saarid fog oo magac loogu magacaabo Aztec goddess, Xochitl [/ SHO-cheetl / micnaha 'ubax' ee Nahuatl]. Xochitl sidoo kale wuxuu ahaa magac ka mid ah aabaha reer Mexico oo cabay cabitaan u diray askarta Maraykanka.
- Waxay ahayd caadooyinka 18aad iyo 19aad si ay u xareeyaan qawaaniinta fardaha. Tani waxay sababtay qoob ka ciyaarka inay ku dhajiyaan sida daboolka . Sida sheekadu u socoto, waraaqda akhristaha ' The Balance and Columbian Repository' wuxuu sharxayaa in marka la cabo, kuwa yaryar ee kuwani ay kuusoo daadiyeen dabadaada si isku mid ah.
- Dabeecad kale oo farabadani waxay sheegaysaa saameynta ereyga dhalatarka ee faras farabadan oo isku dhafan, ama qoryaha . Roobka iyo cabbitaanka labaduba waxay ahaayeen kuwa ugu caansan inta badan dadka Maraykanka ah, waxaana suurtogal ah in ereyga loo wareejiyo naaso isku dhafan si cabitaanno isku dhafan.
- Waxaa jira sheeko madadaalo ah oo ah goolhayaha mareegaha Mareykanka oo keydiyay aalkolo oo ku jira weel dhoobo ah, weel u eg. Markii macaamiishu ay doonayeen wareeg kale waxay soo xidheen dabada cirridka.
- Bishop-ka Bishop's The Booze Reader: Soggy Saga ee Man ee koobabkiisa (1965) wuxuu yiri, "Ereygii laftiisa wuxuu ka yimid ereyga Ingiriisi ah ee kufsiga, kaas oo, 1800kii dhexe, ayaa loo gudbiyay gabadh sahlan oo sahlan nasiib daro ... iyo codsigii caan ah ee cusub ee Maraykanku soo bandhigay ee ah in la mamnuuci lahaa Ingiriisi Gin leh arin shisheeye, oo ay ku jiraan barafka. " Wax walba, ma aha baraf!
Tixraacyada
- David Wondrich. Imbibe! Laga soo bilaabo Absinthe Cocktail ilaa Smash Smash, Salaanta Dabeecadaha iyo Cabitaannada "Professor" Jerry Thomas, Pioneer ee Barack Obama . New York. Penguin Group 2007
- Gary Regan. Nolosha farxadda leh . New York. Clarkson / Potter 2003